Improvement in acoustic telegeaphiig



Aare created and governed.

L'ANonLor Hora nvn'arrr, or NEWvORLEANs, LouisIANA.

Leners 'Patent 75,886, dared Match 24, 186e.

IMrRovEMENr IN- Acousrrc rrLEeRArHINc.

dla 5th-letale rifatta tu im that' trttar gated mit mating mrt uf its amar.

. Be it knownthat I, LANcELor Horn Evnnrrr, of New Orleans, inthe parish of Orleans, and State of Louisiana, have invented anew and useful Machine for Acoustic Tele-graphing lcngdistances; and I do hereby declarethat the following isa full., clear, and exact description of the construction and operation ofthe same,

reference being had to the lannexed drawings, making a part of this specication, which@ Figure 3 is'a. vertical section of the base, A A, the incus B, the nipple of the incus,' I, .the stapes G,' the rings of metal H H'H H, surrounding the anterior and .posterior parts ot the incusythe auricular K; the helix L; thevanterior cochlea M; the vestibule N; the posterior e'ochlea O; the acoustic ,messenger a: x; 'and the diatonic stall` P, supporting two bars marked 1 and 2, represen-ting the 'two dierent distances' of strike from the incus, marked by red and blue-'colored disks, respectively, by means of which'the diilerent orders of sound Figure A2 is a vertical lsection o f the czorda fg/nipam' E, ofthe malleus C, of the phonic fossa D, and the key F, by which the machine is worked; and No. l represents the symbolic formula of the vof-Wel vvorder of sounds; No. 2, the symbolic formula of the aspirate order of sounds, constituting the two primary orders of' sound, which, together, Yevolve thwesymblic-:for'mula of the fulcimen order of sound No. 3,"t'he symbolic formula. of the bifulcimen order of sbund No. 61, and the formula of the valorem order of sound No.5, representing-all the letters of the English alphabet and allthe Arabic notations. g Figure 1 i'sl a perspective view of the acousticb'attery.

To enableothers skilled -in physicsito make and u'se my invention, Iwill proceed to describe the nature, construction, and operation of the'. machine, and' the symbolic formulaI of letters and notations which govern its operationsand.l1ow they are en pressed by similar and dissimilar sou-nds. t'

The different tones 0f sound are evoked from the atoms of the atmospheric air by metallic machinery, andare 4arranged under five d iierent orders, which, when sounded .in a manner hereafter to be described, express all the letters ofthe alphabet and `ever-.y notation. These are" crcated, reilected, and transmitted througlrthick, naked, non-insulated brass. or other wireburied in 'the ear-thor water, which conveys them to distant parts, and thus rapidly communicates intelligence-afar oi. IIence the machine is called the Acoustic Battery; and the nature'of its operations has given it the name of the Acoustic Telegraph. 4For the purpose of describing all its parts, I havel used anatomical terms, describing the anatomy ofthe ear, and employed red and blue-colored disks and a diatonic'stailt give Va tangible and practical idea of its mechanism and varied operations: p I

y Upon the marble base A A the acousticbattery vispl'acerd and rmly "xed. I B is a solid cylinder of bellmetal, named thejncus. Itsl face forms the point olappuz' upon which the different sounds are evoked, and thev body ofl the incus conducts them-to `itsfnipple I, .which transmitsthem to the acoustic messenger z. G is the malleus, made of solidbrass metal, `through "the facial surface of which an elliptical opening is drilled from before backward. YThis forms the' phonic 'fossa-D, whichv is highly polished, and when the facial malleus 'is struck upon the facial incus, `the sounds'jthus evoked are refiected from its. surface and impelledthrough the incus to the acoustic messenger, which conducts them 'to its distal extremity.- E is the chordarympam', made 'of an elongated spring-steel, the sixteenth part of an inch thick or more, and half 'an inch broad, curved above, where it isfitted and fastened into the top ofthe etapes G, and curved below so as to form thekey F, and'near its lower third it is inserted into the headof'the malleusand permanently secured therein. Its actions are to elicit sound from the atmospheric latoms, as herein described, and incepts the initial momentum ofsound. G is the stapes, made of brass metal. It is mounted over the facial incus, and securely fastened by projectingfeet4 into the marble base A, It Supports the aborda tympam, key, and malleus, and gives direction and efficiency to their required actions.- H H and I-I Hf are-rings cast in brass metal twoseighths of an inch thick and broad, with extending arms, which encircle the face and nipple. ofthe incus, and holdhrmly the incas Within the semicircularexcavation mad in the marble base fory its reception. I -is the nipple, formed out of the solid body of the incus.' A-holeone inch deep, and large enough to receive the end of the acoustic messenger, is drilled in its centre, andjla side-Screw so fitted asto hold the end of the wire rmly While the operator is sending his l l message.

v O is the posterior icochlea, formed. out of the solid vestibule Nz In this, also, a hol-sone inch deep, and tted with a side-screw, is se arranged as to hold rmly the end of the wire while the auditor is receiving his message. M is the anteriorrcochlea, formed similar to the other, in which a hole is drilled for the'permanent reception of the helix L, and which conduct sounds from the vestibule to the auricular K, and thisdelivers them to the ear of the auditor in the exact orde;` in which they are sont by the operator. P is .the diatonie stai?, which supports two metallic bars, 1 and 2. The outer point of the first bar is placed one-sixteenth of an inch from the facial incus, and when the face ofthe malleus is fdrawn to this point, and made to suddenly strike the face of the incus, the soft or vowel order of sound is created. The outer point of the second bar is threeeighths of an inch from the facial incus; and from this point the sharp or aspirate order ot sound is generated, and together they form the two primary orders of sound. These being separated by silent intervals, graduated by spaces of time, and combined in various ways, give `ori-gin to symbolicformulae, expressive of` all the letters of the English alphabet and all Arabic notations, and, being variously arranged, they constitute other orders of sound, as the following examples will explain, reference .being made to the illustrations upon the drawings, and the numbers attached'thcreto: I v

No. 1 is the vowel order of sound, denoted by red-colored'disks, and two such, when sounded from the'rst bar, denote the letter A; three such -express lthe letter E; and so on of the other vowels.

No. 2 is the aspirato order of sound, distinguished by blue'colored disks, and two such, when sounded from the second bar, represent the letter H; three such form the letter L; and so on of the other letters arranged under this order.

No. 3 is the fulcimen order of sound, characterized by a union of red and blue disks, and when one ot' each is sounded conjointly, and directly after the other, the letter F is formed; when one red and twoblue are thus sounded, the letter S is produced; and so on of other letters under this order sounded according to their symbolicy formula. v Y

No. 4 is the bifulcimen order of sound, formed by the union of blue and red disks, and when sounded in a similar manner, they express all the letters placed under this order.` v

No. 5 is the valorem order of'sound, expressing valuation by means ofv numbers. It is formed by a commingling of red and blue disks, so as to constitute' symbolic formulae peculiar' to themselves to'prevent mistakes in telegraphing numbers; and when sounded in this order they express any simple or compound numbers that cannot be mistaken for'letters.

The following instructions specify the mode of telegraphing between distant'points of communication:

the land or water, and separated from each other, from A to Z, the message being sent from the former to the latter. The operator at A places the endet` his wire within the nipple of the incus, and irmly screws it therein. The auditor at Z places the end of his wire within the posterior cochlca, se as to be in direct contact with the body of the vestibule, and screws it in tightly. '.len sounds ofthe aspirato order are struck o` by the operator, which,being returned by the auditor, signies that'he awaits the message. If the auditor has a goed rctentive memory, he receives the various symbols, separates and combines them in the order they are sent, and easily converts them into letters, words, sentences, and notations. 'lhe'whole message being sent, .ten aspirate sounds, sent directly after, denote this fact to the auditor. The-acoustic messenger at each end ofthe line of communication is then reversed, so that the auditor becomes operator, and vice versa. If a message is going to be returned, this is indicated by eight aspirate sounds; if not, twelve such sounds will carry that information. Soft and sharp sounds travel through naked wire with equal velocity, and when evoked and transmitted to the distant auditor by means of the lacoustic battery, they resemble the twits andehirps of birds near and from afar, and the one is so dissimilar from the other that mistakes are next to impossible in constructing the symbolic formula. of' any letter or notation, as their express sounds leap from the end of the auricular.

- What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isi An acoustic battery for telegraphing, a machine which creates and modulates sounds, that, when arranged andsounded under specific symbolic formulae, they are made to represent and express all the letters of the English alphabet and all Arabic notations, and when thus evoked into existence the machine reflects these sounds and transmits them through naked wire, buried in the land or water, to their dcstinatiomwhere'they become the most important and eilcient commissioners of intelligence.

I claim, also, and desire to secure within these Letters Patent, this mode of eliciting two different tones of sound from the air, by means of the chorcla tympan, the malleus, the key, the incus, the stapes; oi' reflecting them from the polished phonic fossa; of lconducting t'hem to the acoustic messenger through the nipple of ther incus, and transmitting them through non-insulatedvwire to the coehlea, vestibule, and auricular, which delivers them to the auditor with precision andx regularity.

I claim, also, and desire to secure within these Letters Patent, this mode of associating thesetwo modulated tones, and arranging them under five different orders of sound, expressive of letters and notations, as herein described, and this method-ef using similar and dissimilar silent intervals of time in separating und combining sounds, thlis giving force and decided character t'ofthe symbolic formula of a letter or notationwiien echoed from the phonic fossa and transmitted through naked wire to theend of the aurieula.

I claim, also, and desire lto securewithin these Letters Patent, this mode of creating and regulating these two primary lorders of sound, and other orders evolved from them, systematically, by means-of a diatonic staff and two bars attached thereto, and signalizing different sounds by red and blue-colored disks, which represent Two acoustic batteries are connected together by means of thick, naked, non-insulated brass wire buried in l impart their various interpretations with suchdistinetn'ess and order to the auditor who receives them, as t0 l Ytwo very dissimilar tones that are convertible into intelligent symbols, as herein described, or by any other means substantially the same, and which will produce theV intended ej'ect.

LANCELOT HOPE EVERITT, M. D.,

Member Royal Obllege Surgeons.

Witnesses:

KPAUL T. ABADIE,

A. RIEFFEL. 

